1.Qhov kub no cuam tshuam li cas rau toughness?
Lub cev-centered cubic steel muaj cov yam ntxwv tshwj xeeb: nws nthuav tawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob- qhov kub thiab txias hloov pauv. Thaum qhov kub thiab txias poob qis dua qhov tseem ceeb no, cov khoom siv lub pob txha tawg sai sai hloov los ntawm cov pob txha tawg (microscopically manifested as dislocation slip) uas yuav tsum tau nqus ntawm lub zog loj rau cov pob txha tawg (microscopically manifested li "cleavage fracture," piv txwv li, lub dav hlau sib cais). Qhov "brittleness" koj hais yog hais txog qhov kev hloov pauv no hauv hom tawg.
2.Dab tsi ua rau txias dov muaj qhov toughness?
Txo cov tawv nqaij: Cov kev tshawb fawb tau pom tias raws li qhov txias dov txo tus nqi nce, qhov cuam tshuam rau lub zog nqus thiab tawg ntawm cov khoom ntawm qhov kub thiab txias (xws li 4K) txo qis heev.
Kev hloov pauv hauv hom kev puas tsuaj: Thaum txias- cov ntaub ntawv dov tawg ntawm qhov kub thiab txias, lawv cov pob txha tawg ua rau pom cov yam ntxwv xws li "flat brittle fracture" thiab "intergranular fracture," qhia tias lawv tsis kam ua kom tawg tawg yog qhov tsis muaj zog heev.
Yooj yim muab tso rau: yog tias koj piv cov hlau zoo tib yam rau cov "playdough", qhov sib xyaw ua ke ntawm qhov txias dov thiab qhov kub thiab txias yog zoo li khov qhov "playdough" nyuaj, tom qab ntawd rov ua dua thiab ua rau nws, thaum kawg tig nws mus rau hauv ib qho nyuaj biscuit uas yooj yim tawg.
3.Yuav ua li cas cov yam ntxwv ntawm steel qib thiab muaj pes tsawg leeg cuam tshuam rau toughness?
High-manganese steel: Piv txwv li, 32Mn-7Cr steel tau hais hauv txoj kev tshawb no, txawm tias qhov kub thiab txias ntawm -269℃(4K), khaws lub zog ntau txawm tias muaj zog dua tom qab txias dov.
IF steel (interstitial atomless steel): Hom hlau no feem ntau siv hauv qhov sib sib zog nqus- kos cov tsheb, tab sis nyob rau hauv qee qhov xwm txheej (xws li cov ntsiab lus phosphorus thiab tsis tsim nyog annealing), nws tuaj yeem pom "kev ua haujlwm thib ob brittleness," lub ntsiab lus tawg ntawm qhov kub qis thaum lub sij hawm xa ntawv - siv. Qhov no qhia txog lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb ntawm kev sib xyaw thiab cov txheej txheem tsim nyob rau hauv qis -kub kev ua haujlwm.
4.Dab tsi ua rau txias- dov steel ua nkig?
Qhov laj thawj tseem ceeb nyob hauv qhov tseeb tias lub cev -centered cubic crystal qauv ntawm cov hlau txiav txim siab nws cov ductile- cov yam ntxwv hloov pauv tsis zoo, thiab cov kev hloov pauv microstructural coj los ntawm txias dov (xws li dislocations thiab grain deformation) ntxiv rau qhov kev nyiam no rau qis - kub.
5.Yuav ua li cas xaiv cov ntaub ntawv ntev - siv nyob rau hauv ib puag ncig qis dua 0℃lossis txawm txias dua?
Tshwj xeeb qis-kub steels (xws li steels rau qis-kub siab lub nkoj) yuav tsum tau xaiv.
Ua kom tiav annealing kev kho mob tom qab txias dov yog tsim nyog los tshem tawm cov teebmeem ntawm kev ua hauj lwm hardening.
Kev tsim kho kom zoo yuav tsum tau ua kom tsis txhob muaj kev ntxhov siab ntawm qhov kub thiab txias.