Txias ua haujlwm (xws li txias dov, txias kos duab, txias dabtsi yog khoov rau sab nraud thiab stamping sab nraud thiab hloov kho cov khoom yas. Cov kev hloov no feem ntau ntawm kev kho mus rau cov khoom siv sab hauv (xws li cov nplej deformation thiab nce kev rho tawm tsis sib haum xeeb). Cov teebmeem tshwj xeeb yog raws li hauv qab no:
1. Hloov pauv hauv cov khoom siv tshuab (cuam tshuam tseem ceeb tshaj plaws)
Ntxiv zog thiab hardness (ua haujlwm tawv)
Thaum lub sij hawm ua haujlwm txias, cov khoom siv cov nplej sab hauv yog elongated thiab pluav (tsim ib qho "fibrous qauv"). Ib txhij, kev tsis txaus siab (cov tsis xws luag) proliferate thiab entangerate thiab entanging txuas ntxiv atomic hauv qab thiab txhim kho cov khoom siv tiv thaiv kom deformation.
Qhov no ua rau muaj qhov tseem ceeb nce nyob rau hauv tensile lub zog (σB) thiab cog lub zog (piv txwv li kev nce hauv hardness (piv txwv li brinell hardness HB). Piv txwv li, lub zog tensile ntawm Q195 nyob rau hauv Anealed lub xeev yog kwv yees li 315-430 MPa. Tom qab 50% txias deformation, lub tensile lub zog nce mus rau 500-600 MPa, thiab lub hardness nce los ntawm 30% -50%. Txo cov plixed thiab tawv
Raws li tus nqi ntawm deformation nce, kev ntxhov siab kev xav hauv cov khoom siv kom muaj zog. Grain fragmentation thiab dislocation ntxiv ntxiv yas deformation nyuaj, uas ua rau muaj kev txo qis hauv elongation (δ).
Piv txwv li, elongation of annealed Q195 yog kwv yees li 30% -40%. Tom qab ua haujlwm txias rau kev deformation ntawm 30%, qhov no yuav poob rau 10% -15%, thiab cov pob txha me, thiab tsis muaj qhov tseem ceeb yas deformation).
Me ntsis txo cov modulus Elastic
Txias ua haujlwm ua rau muaj kev sib txawv, uas cuam tshuam rau kev sib tham sib txawv, ua rau muaj kev txo me me ntawm cov khoom ntiag tug (e) (feem ntau 5% -10%). Txawm li cas los xij, cov nyhuv no yog qhov tsis tshua muaj qhov tseem ceeb dua li cov kev hloov pauv ntawm lub zog thiab cov yas.
Ii. Lwm yam kev hloov pauv hauv cov yam ntxwv lub cev
Me ntsis txo cov ntom ntom
Thaum lub sij hawm ua haujlwm txias, cov khoom tawg yas tuaj yeem tsim cov cim tsom iav lossis microcacks nyob rau hauv cov khoom siv, ua rau kev txo qis me me (feem ntau<1%). However, this has a negligible impact on macroscopic performance. Reduced Electrical and Thermal Conductivity
Q195, raws li qhov qis -} cov hluav taws xob hlau, muaj hluav taws xob thiab thermal conductivity txiav txim siab los ntawm cov qauv crystal ntawm cov hlau matrix. Txias ua hauj lwm ua rau qoob loo distortion thiab nce dislocations, kwv yees}
Sib Nqus Hloov Pauv
Q195 yog cov khoom siv ferromagnetic. Txias ua hauj lwm ua rau cov nplej kom dhau los ua cov khoom sib nqus me me), tab sis cov khoom sib nqus me ntsis sib xyaw ua ke (xws li cov khoom sib nqus me me)
Sab nraud thiab cov duab ruaj khov
Cov neeg ua haujlwm txias tuaj yeem tawm "kev ntxhov siab sab hauv" nyob rau hauv cov khoom siv (xws li realual kev ntxhov siab tom qab dov tawm). Cov kev hloov pauv ntawm huab cua sov lossis cov tub rog sab nraud tuaj yeem ua rau muaj mob me me "lossis cov kev hloov pauv me me ntawm kev cia khoom), cuam tshuam qhov chaw seem. III. Kev sib raug zoo ntawm kev cuam tshuam ntawm kev cuam tshuam thiab tus nqi ntawm deformation
Cov℃ntawm kev cuam tshuam ntawm cov khoom txias ntawm cov khoom siv lub cev ntawm Q195 yog kev sib txheeb zoo nrog tus nqi ntawm deformation (ua tus nqi):
Thaum qhov deformation yog tsawg dua 10%, kev ua tau zoo hloov yog cov menyuam yaus kawm tiav, nrog kev nce me ntsis hauv lub zog thiab txo qis tsawg. Qhov no ua rau nws haum rau cov ntawv thov kev xav tau siab (xws li qhov muag ci).
Thaum qhov deformation yog nruab nrab ntawm 10% thiab 50%, ua haujlwm hnyav yog qhov tseem ceeb, nrog kev nce nrawm rau lub zog thiab hardness thiab txo qis hauv ductility. Qhov no ua rau nws haum rau qhov uas yuav tsum muaj lub zog siab (xws li txias {3} {{polled ntawv).
Thaum deformation yog ntau dua 50%, cov khoom siv mus rau hauv "txias britt" lub xeev thiab ib txwm mus tawg thaum ua. Nruab nrab annealing yog yuav tsum tau tshem tawm cov tawv ua haujlwm ua ntej ntxiv.
Lub ntsiab
Cov tseem ceeb ntawm kev ua haujlwm txias rau Q195 yog cov haujlwm ua haujlwm tsis zoo thiab ua kom muaj hluav taws xob, nrog rau cov teeb meem ruaj khov los ntawm kev ntxhov siab sab hauv. Cov kev hloov no tuaj yeem raug tshem tawm qee feem los ntawm kev kho cua sov tom ntej (xws li annealing) (rov qab plasterity thiab txo kev ntxhov siab sab hauv). Yog li ntawd, hauv cov ntawv thov siv, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog los sib npaug ntawm kev ua haujlwm txias txias thiab kev ua tau zoo ua ke nrog cov txheej txheem kho cua sov thaum tsim nyog.