Cia peb qhia cov txheej txheem kev kho cua sov rau cov carbon qauv hlau.
Cov tub ntxhais kawm ua kom sov rau cov txheej txheem cua sov rau cov txheej txheem carbon ua kom haum rau nws cov roj hmab, thiab lwm yam, thiab kev ua kom zoo, thiab tawv) kom haum rau cov ntawv thov sib txawv. Vim tias Carbon cov hlau muaj cov ntsiab lus tsawg kawg nkaus (muaj cov txheej txheem kev kho kom zoo nkauj), nws cov txheej txheem kev lag luam kub, thiab kev khwv nyiaj txiag, thiab muaj zog ntxiv. Lawv feem ntau cov me nyuam yaus ua ob hom tseem ceeb: kev kho cua sov thiab kho kom sov. Cov hauv qab no yog cov lus qhia ntxaws ntxaws rau cov txheej txheem no hom:
1. Cov kev kho cua sov: hloov cov microstructure tag nrho cov microstructure thiab cov khoom ntawm cov hlau
Kev kho cua sov kub cuam tshuam nrog cua sov, tuav, thiab cua txias tag nrho cov khoom siv steel. Nws tsim nyog rau qhov uas yuav tsum tau ua kom zoo tshaj plaws cov khoom siv (xws li Shafts, zog, Bolts, thiab lwm yam). Cov txheej txheem kho cua sov feem ntau rau cov txheej txheem kho cua sov rau cov carbon muaj xws li annealing, noreving thiab quenching thiab tempering.
2. Nto Rhaub Kev Kho Mob: Ntxiv rau tsuas yog cov hlau saum npoo av, tswj cov tub ntxhais kev nruj
Nto cua sov kev kho mob ntawm carbon txheej txheem hlau yog feem ntau lub hom phiaj ua kom tau cov khoom siv hardness / hnav zoo (piv txwv li, zog thiab crankshafts). Txij li nws tsis muaj cov ntsiab lus tsis sib xws, saum npoo ntxiv kev hloov kho ntawm cov khoom sib xyaw saum npoo av lossis cua sov nrawm thiab cua txias. Cov txheej txheem sib xws suav nrog cov ntaub ntawv ua kom tawv thiab carburizing (rau qis- cov hlau).
1. Deg hardening (siab - zaus / nruab nrab- zaus induction cua sov saum npoo hardening)
Cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb: Siv siab {- zaus (100} kub (100Hz-zaus Qhov no yog ua raws los ntawm kev ua tshuaj tsuag dej tam sim ntawd, ua tiav ib qho "tawv tawv thaum tswj lub ntsej muag muag." Cov txheej txheem nta:
Cov cua kub ceev ceev ceev (ob peb lub vib nas this kom kaum ntawm vib nas this), tshav kub me me {}}} kub tsuas yog thaj chaw 0.5-5 xyoos xwb;
Tsis muaj kev hloov pauv ntawm cov khoom siv saum npoo av yog qhov yuav tsum tau ua, ntxiv dag zog rau sab hauv ib leeg los ntawm theem nrawm dua;
Muaj feem rau nruab nrab - @E carbon steel (xws li 45 # steel thiab 50 # steel); Nto quenching ntawm tsawg- cov hlau ua haujlwm tsis zoo (cov txheej tawv tawv yog cov tawv tawv tsawg).
Cov Ntawv Thov: Crankshaft cov duab txhua hnub, cov khoom siv iav iav, cov cuab yeej siv iav, thiab lwm qhov yuav tsum tau ua qhov chaw tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv thiab tseem ceeb cuam tshuam.
2. Carburizing thiab quenching (tshwj xeeb rau qis-} cov hlau qauv hlau)
Cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb: Tsawg {{- cov ntsiab lus carbon steel (tsawg dua lossis sib npaug nrog 0.25%) thiab tsis tuaj yeem ua tiav siab dhau los ntawm kev txiav txim siab ncaj qha. Hloov chaw, carburizing yog yuav tsum tau nce cov pa roj carbon ntau rau 0.8% {}} 1.2% (ua ib qho siab- cov roj teeb saum npoo av). Qhov no yog ua raws los ntawm quenching thiab qis - kub ua kom tiav qhov "heev {{oveant nto nrog cov roj carbon, mos thiab tawv nqaij tawv." Cov txheej txheem raug:
Carburizing: Tso ntu nyob rau hauv lub rauv taws carburizing xws li cov roj carburizing xws li muaj cov roj ntsha li 4-10 teev rau kev tso tawm cov pa roj.
Quenching: Tom qab carburizing, txias ncaj qha rau 820-850 degree, tuav, thiab tom qab ntawd quench hauv dej lossis roj (los ua martensite nyob rau saum npoo).
Tsawg -}}}}}}}}}}℃rau 1-2 teev rau tshem tawm quenching kev ntxhov siab thiab ruaj khov rau saum toj hardness.
Kev ua tau zoo thiab cov ntawv thov: nto hardness tuaj yeem ncav cuag HRC58-62 (siab hnav tsis kam lees), thaum lub siab tawv tawv tsawg dua los yog sib npaug ntawm 250HB (High Toardness). Haum rau qhov uas yuav cuam tshuam thiab kev coj mus sib txawv (xws li kis tau lub zog thiab Universal sib koom ua ke rawg). III. Cov kev txiav txim siab tseem ceeb rau kev kho cua sov ntawm cov hlau txheem carbon
Cov neeg txom nyem tsis zoo: Zam kom muaj quenching ntau tshooj:
Cov qauv hlau tsis muaj cov khoom siv alloying (xws li CR, NI, thiab mo), ua rau muaj kev nyuaj tshaj plaws. Tsuas yog me me-}}}}}}} Cov kab hlau qis dua lossis sib npaug nrog 20mm) tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev kub ntxhov ntau dua. Quenching loj- ntu seem tuaj yeem yooj yim ua ib qho "(xws li Pearlite) nyob rau hauv cov tub ntxhais, coj mus rau qhov chaw sab hauv thiab sab nraud thiab txawm tawg. Yog li ntawd, loj-}}}} seem seem yog feem ntau kho nrog "li qub" lossis "siab} kub kub" es tsis txhob quenching. Ua qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov qis - carbon thiab nruab nrab {12} {{{12} {}
Tsawg -} cov hlau steel (C Tsawg dua li 0.25%, xws li Q235 thiab 20 #): Muaj cov ntsej muag zoo tab sis muaj zog tsawg. Feem ntau nws tsis quenched nyob ib leeg. Annealing / Dab tsi yog siv los txhim kho kev ua haujlwm, lossis carburizing thiab quenching siv los ntxiv dag zog rau saum npoo.
Nruab nrab -}}}}}}}}}} {%, nws yog feem ntau haum rau quenching thiab tempering. Qhov "hardness-tawv" tshuav nyiaj tau tuaj yeem ua tiav los ntawm kev kho qhov ntsuas kub. Nws yog cov khoom tseem ceeb rau cov khoom siv kho tshuab.
Txias xaiv nruab nrab:
Tus nqi cua txias kom txiav txim ncaj qha txiav txim siab quenching zoo:
Dej Quenching: Tus nqi txias txias, haum rau nruab nrab-} Tus Hlau Carbon (xws li yuav tsum tau ua kom muaj kev ntxhov siab rau kev tshem tawm kom tshem tawm).
Roj Quenching: qeeb qeeb qeeb tshaj li dej, tsim nyog rau ntu loj dua {}}}}}}}}}}}}} dua qhov kev nyuaj me ntsis dua li dej quenching.
Cua txias / rauv txias: tsuas siv rau annealing thiab li qub, tsis yog rau quenching. Kev ntxhov siab nyem yog tus yuam sij:
Residual kev ntxhov siab tseem nyob hauv qhov chaw tom qab quenching thiab vuam. Yog tias tsis muaj kev ntxhov siab, cov feem no muaj kev phom sij rau deformation thiab tawg thaum lub sijhawm ua lossis siv. Yog li ntawd, qis {{{- kub kub (tom qab kev sib tw) yog qhov tsim nyog los tso cov kev ntxhov siab thiab ruaj khov feem ntau qhov ntev.
Lub ntsiab
Cov txheej txheem kev kho cua sov rau cov roj txheem carbon cov hlau sib xyaw tsom rau cov nqi qis thiab phiaj ntawv thov. Annaling / Qub ua tau zoo ua tau muag muag, ntxhov siab txog kev ntxhov siab, thiab txhim kho kev ua haujlwm; quenching thiab tempering siv cov khoom siv mechanical; Thiab rooj plaub quenching / carburizing ua tiav saum npoo {{1} - kev ua haujlwm sib txawv. Hauv kev siv cov tswv yim, cov txheej txheem tsim nyog yuav tsum tau xaiv raws li cov roj carbon cov roj carbon (cov pa roj carbon), thiab cov neeg muaj kev cuam tshuam nrog tus nqi ntawm cov roj ntsha ua kom zoo.