1.Yuav ua li cas peb ncaj qha recycle thiab rov siv lawv?
Lub hauv paus ntsiab lus: Tom qab kev kho lub cev yooj yim (xws li sedimentation thiab pom) kom tshem tawm cov impurities (xws li hmoov hlau thiab roj), tus neeg sawv cev tshiab thiab cov kua qaub ntxiv ncaj qha, cov concentration yog kho, thiab cov tshuaj rov qab siv dua.
Cov ntawv thov: Haum rau chromium- cov tshuaj dawb passivating los yog passivating cov kev daws teeb meem nrog cov kab mob tsawg heev thiab cov khoom uas tsis ua rau kev laus.
Cov kauj ruam tseem ceeb:
Kev lim dej: Siv cov lim dej kom raug (xws li lub hnab lim lossis lim cartridge) kom tshem tawm cov khoom siv.
Roj-Kev sib cais dej: Yog tias cov roj dov tau qhia, ultrafiltration, centrifugation, lossis demulsifiers yuav tsum tau rau roj- dej sib cais.
Composition Analysis thiab Kho: Kev tshuaj xyuas tsis tu ncua yog ua kom rov ntxiv cov khoom noj.
2.Dab tsi yog cov ntsiab lus, qhov zoo, thiab qhov tsis zoo ntawm kev sib pauv ion?
Lub hauv paus ntsiab lus: Cov pov tseg passivation tov yog dhau los ntawm anion txauv resin. Cr(VI) yog adsorbed li CrO₄²⁻, thaum lwm yam hlau cations (xws li Fe³⁺) tsis yog adsorbed los yog tshem tawm los ntawm ib tug cation txauv kem. Chromate yog ces eluted nrog NaOH tov, ua raws li los ntawm kev hloov dua siab tshiab los ntawm ib tug cation pauv resin thiab concentration siv ib tug evaporator kom tau ib tug reusable chromic acid tov.
Qhov zoo: Kev rov zoo siab purity, ncaj qha rov siv dua, kev siv nyiaj ntau.
Qhov tsis zoo: Cov peev txheej pib siab, cov txheej txheem nyuaj, yuav tsum tau kho cov dej khib nyiab rov qab, thiab cov resin yooj yim los ntawm cov organic teeb meem.
3.Dab tsi yog lub hauv paus ntsiab lus, qhov zoo, thiab qhov tsis zoo ntawm cov tshuab sib cais membrane?
Lub hauv paus ntsiab lus: Siv cov txheej txheem sib cais, dej, kua qaub, chromates, thiab hlau ions raug cais nyob rau hauv siab. Cov permeate (zoo li dej ntshiab thiab kua qaub) tuaj yeem rov qab siv tau lossis tso tawm, thaum cov concentrate (nplua nuj chromate) rov qab mus rau lub tank passivation.
Qhov zoo: Cov qib siab ntawm automation, ambient kub ua haujlwm, thiab muaj txiaj ntsig zoo ntawm cov khoom tseem ceeb.
Disadvantages: kim membrane modules, tsis tshua muaj siab yuav tsum tau pretreatment (roj tshem tawm, tshem tawm cov khib nyiab tshem tawm), nquag mus rau membrane fouling thiab scaling, thiab txwv concentration ratio.
4.Yuav ua li cas cov peev txheej yuav siv tau thiab hloov pauv?
Txoj kev evaporation crystallization:
Cov tshuaj pov tseg passivation yog evaporated thiab concentrated, ces txias kom crystallize tawm chromates (xws li sodium dichromate). Txawm li cas los xij, impurities (xws li nitrates thiab phosphates) kuj tseem muaj zog, cuam tshuam cov khoom purity, feem ntau xav tau kev ua kom huv tom qab.
Kev npaj ntawm Chromium Tanning Agent (rau Leather Making):
Cov khib nyiab chromic acid yog txo rau trivalent chromium siv tus neeg sawv cev txo qis (xws li sodium bisulfite lossis sulfur dioxide), thiab tom qab ntawd ua tiav los ntawm nag lossis daus, pom, thiab rov ua dua los npaj cov chromium sulfate rau tawv tawv. Qhov no yog txoj kev siv cov peev txheej paub tab.
5.Dab tsi yog cov txheej txheem ntws ntawm passivation tov tshuaj kho chaw nres tsheb / chaw rov ua dua tshiab?
Pretreatment Unit:
Sau thiab Homogenization: Cov khoom sib txawv ntawm cov dej khib nyiab sib xyaw ua ke.
Kev tshem tawm roj: Ultrafiltration membranes, coalescers, los yog tshuaj demulsification yog siv kom huv si tshem cov roj.
Filtration: Multi-stage filtration (los ntawm ntxhib mus rau nplua) tshem tawm tag nrho cov khib nyiab pov tseg.
Core Separation/Recovery Unit (xaiv raws li kev nqis peev thiab kev xav tau):
Option 1 (High-kawg): "Pretreatment + Membrane Concentration (RO/NF) + Ion Exchange Purification + Evaporation Concentration". Qhov no yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws thiab zoo tshaj plaws kev xaiv rov qab, ua kom loj -scale rov qab siv cov chromic acid thiab dej.
Option 2 (Economical): "Pretreatment + Chemical Reduction Precipitation". Qhov no tsis yog qhov tseeb "rov qab" tab sis theej "detoxification". Cov tshuaj lom Cr(VI) txo qis kom tsis muaj tshuaj lom Cr(III) siv cov tshuaj txo qis (xws li sodium metabisulfite), thiab tom qab ntawd precipitated li chromium hydroxide sludge nrog ntxiv ntawm alkali (xws li NaOH). Cov sludge tuaj yeem muab pov tseg raws li cov khib nyiab pov tseg los ntawm chav tsev tsim nyog lossis ntxiv calcined los tsim chromium oxide ntsuab (Cr₂O₃) pigment. Qhov no yog ib qho kev coj ua hauv feem ntau cov nroj tsuag uas tam sim no tsis muaj peev xwm rov ua dua tshiab.
Ncej - kho thiab rov siv dua:
Evaporator: Ntxiv dehydrates cov concentrate kom cov concentration ntawm cov ntaub ntawv rov qab.
Dej Purification: Muab kev kho mob siab heev rau cov permeate los ntawm cov txheej txheem membrane los yog lwm cov txheej txheem dej khib nyiab kom tau raws li cov qauv siv rov qab los yog tso tawm.